Increases a specific segment of a semantic version string by a given increment.
The version string in semantic versioning format (e.g., "1.2.3").
The one-based index of the version segment to increment (1 for major, 2 for minor, 3 for patch). Negative indexes count backward from the final numeric segment.
The amount to increase the specified segment by.
The updated version string with the specified segment incremented.
Increments the given semantic version string by increasing the patch version.